Dificulties In Using Electronic Book In Language Learning ( a Study at the Second year of English Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat )

Dalam proses belajar mengajar, pendidik dalam hal ini dosen membutuhkan media pengajaran. Salah satu  media pengajaran  yang tebaru adalah buku elektronik ( E-book). E-book berupa CD yang berisikan materi / bahan belajaran, tugas-tugas yang disusun oleh dosen terkait mata kuliah yang bersangkutan.  E-book  dapat dipergunakan di dalam kelas ataupun dipergunakan sendiri oleh mahasiswa di rumah ataupun di rental komputer. E-book dipergunakan untuk pertama kalinya di jurusan Bhasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat pada mata pelajaran Cross Cultural Undersatanding (CCU). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian descriptive. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris tingkat II  lokal G yang mengambil mata kulaih CCU.  Dari penelitian ini didapat bahwa mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan E-book karena tidak tersedianya laboratorium computer yang dilengkapi internet di jurusan Bahasa Inggris. Selain itu masih banyaknya mahasiswa yang belum mengetahi cara menggoperasikan computer dan internet.


I. INTRODUCTION
There are many components that are involved in the process of teaching and learning language.
One of them is instructional material.Instructional material is something that is presented in certain methods and techniques.The instructional material provides the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of the skills taught, and the kinds of the language practice that the students take part in.In addition, materials serve primarily to supply the teacher's instruction.For the students, the material provides the major source for learning.
In the process of teaching and learning, teachers can use printed materials such as: textbooks, pictures, worksheet, workbooks, and non printed materials, such as cassette, video, CD, VCD, film, computer based materials or materials that comprise both printed and non printed sources such as self access materials and materials on the internet like electronic books or e-book.In addition, newspapers, magazines, and TV programs may also play role as instructional material.produced, but also can be created by the students (Harckbarth, 1996:76).In addition, Smaldino (2005:183) explains that electronic book is instructional material that is delivered electronically using computer and computer-base media.
The material is often accessed through network (a system computer linked together: once we connect computers in ways that enable people to communicate and share information, we have a network).given to the students at the early meeting.
At the time, the teacher gave the students a VCD consist of lesson related to the subject.He explained the way to used it.
Then, the students used it out of the class, and they may ask the teacher if they face difficulties in using it.At the end of the semester, the students were asked to collect all of the assignments in the electronic book.In doing the assignments, the students were asked to write an essays, browse and read some information from the internet.
Based on the researcher's preliminary study, even though most students were interested and enthusiastic in using electronic book, they found some difficulties in using it.Considering the phenomenon above, the researcher is interested in carrying a research on the students' difficulties in using electronic book in language learning at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.
In this research, the researcher formulated the problems as follow: What are the students' difficulties in using electronic book dealing with accessing to computer and internet in language learning?
The result of this research is: To describe the students' difficulties in using electronic book dealing with accessing to computer and internet in language learning.

Design of the Research
In Because the same characteristics of these classes, the sample was taken by using cluster sampling.Gay (2000:129) explains that cluster sampling randomly selects groups, not individuals.All the members of selected groups have similar characteristics.Furthermore, he says that cluster sampling will give much better chance of securing permission to use several intact classrooms.Thus, the researcher took class G ( 30 students) as the participant of this research.

Instrumentation
In the process of data collecting, the researcher was the key instrument.The researcher collected data or information needed by observation and questionnaire.
During the observation, the researcher took observation notes.In addition, the researcher distributed the questionnaire related to the students' difficulties in using electronic book.

Technique of Data Collection
The data were collected through observation and questionnaire.

Observation
In doing observation, the researcher was a participant observer.She participated and collected the data in the classroom.
It took 1.5 month, May to June 2007.
The researcher distributed questionnaire after the semester finish, on October 2007. form.

P= X 100%
T P: percentage of difficulty R: The sums of the students who choose AA (absolutely agree), A (agree), DA (disagree), ADA (absolutely disagree) T: The sums of the students.( Arikunto, 1998:216) Finally, the data were interpreted in written

Technique of Data analysis
The data from observation was analyzed by using technique suggested by Lincoln and Guba (1985: 344):

Unitizing
It means giving a code for the observation note.

Categorizing
Then, the researcher categorized the data into two: students' difficulties related to access to computer and internet.

Filling in Pattern
After classifying the data, the researcher added them to the data from questionnaire based on their indicator.
On the other hand, the data that had ask the teacher if they face difficulties in using it.At the end of the semester, the students were asked to collect all of the assignments in the electronic book.In doing the assignments, the students were asked to write an essays, browse and read some information from the internet.
At the last three meeting, the lecturer asked the students about their Electronic book.
Because most students had not do their assignment in E-book yet, the lecturer explained again about the using of E-book.
There were some discussions about the using of electronic book.Most students asked about the way to connect to internet and find the information from internet, because most of them were not familiar to the internet.
Beside some difficulties, E-book also bring some advantages to the students.From the observation and researcher informal interview with some students, they said that the new materials ( E-book) impressed them.
They realized that there are some other media for learning beside textbook.They also said that by using E-book, they were forced to used computer and internet that are important skills nowadays.From browsing to internet, the students can get some more information that is related to their language skill.

Questionnaire
The data from questionnaire were divided into three parts: the students' difficulties in using electronic book related to it access to the computer (14 items), the students' difficulties in using electronic book related to it access to internet (11   Home page program that was used in electronic book. f.There is no computer laboratory that can be connected to the class where the lesson Graph.13 shows that there were 1 students Then, most students (70%) faced difficulty in using E-book, because they did not know the way to save the data that have been typed.Then, even though all of the students ever operated computer before CCU Subject, most of them (70%) faced difficulty in using E-book because they did not know the way to activate the computer.
These analyses are based on the second category of integrating computer-based materials in language learning (Concept of the computer system).
On the other hand, the researcher also found that most of the students (70%) And even though they have been at university level, they also seldom got in touch with internet.
To eliminate the students' difficulties in using E-book dealing with its access to internet, based on the findings above, it can be concluded that in using E-book at university or institution in the teaching and learning process there are some requirement that should be considered: From the findings and analysis of the data, it can be concluded that: 1.The students' difficulties in using Electronic Book related to it' access to Even thought the researcher found some difficulties faced by the students in using Ebook, she also found that most students did not face difficulties in using it related to the using of illustration and lay out in E-book.On the other hand, the design and lay out in E-book made the students comfortable.

III. KESIMPULAN
Based on the finding above, it can be concluded that in using electronic book , there are some requirements that should be considered by the user so they can use electronic book effectively and eliminate some difficulties that can exist : BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Actually, the teachers can use many kinds of materials in the process of teaching and learning.They should not use materials from the textbook only, but they can take the materials from other sources, such as, magazines, newspapers, Television, cassette and radio.Moreover, by the development of multimedia and computer, many available tools can be taken as instructional material.The teacher should be able to adopt and make use all of the development of science and technology in their classroom in order to create academic and scientific environment.As Mickail (2004: 79) explains that at the turn of the twentieth centurytouch with the learning materials apart from the teacher.On the other hands, the teachers have to find and adopt some techniques and strategies in order to use and apply the electronic materials in their class.In addition, the teachers should consider characteristics of the students, and the objective and academic background related to the subject.. Recent technological development has provided a powerful stimulus for the production of a range of electronic material for education.One of the current developments of electronic material is electronic book.Electronic book refers to something that is available via computer.Electronic book supports exploration of an online educational website that incorporates a variety of electronic features including graphics, digitized speech and video.The material of electronic book is commercially available or teacher

Questionnaire;
Students difficulties relate to the access to computer and internet in using electronic book in language learning is based on some indicators that are suggested by James (2006:2); How to integrate computer based-materials into language learning: 1. Performance Setting: a. Managerial or supervision support b. Physical aspect of the site c.Social aspect at the site d.Relevance of skill to workplace 2. Learning-Site Constraints Affecting Design and Delivery a.Availability of computer laboratory b.Students' access to using E-mail c.The English department laboratory is not up -todate 3 A. Description of the Data 1.Observation STKIP PGRI is located on Gunung Pangilun street Padang.It is one of private college of teache r training and education in Padang.It has six departments: English, Biology, Mathematic, History, Geography and Concealing.Most of the students came from some district of West Sumatera, such as, Pasaman, Pasisir Selatan, Pariaman, etc.At STKIP PGRI, there are two computer laboratories.One laboratory is for all Departments and uses for Introduction to Computer subject at the first semester.The other one is Mathematics' Department.On the other hand, English Department does not have computer laboratory that can be used for lesson-based computer Meanwhile, at the second semester in 2006-2007, Electronic book was used at Cross Cultural Understanding subject at the second level in the English Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.The students got CCU subject once a week.Electronic book was introduced for the first time for the students in this subject.The lecturer used some media in the teaching learning process, such as, printed book, film, and electronic book.In using Electronic book, the lecturer used his own laptop in the classroom.Electronic book was given to the students at the early meeting.At the time, the teacher gave a student a VCD consist of lesson related to the subject.He explained the way to used it.Then, the students used it out of the class, and they may

Graph. 6
is no computer laboratory and special software that can be used to support the lesson based computer.(Tidak ada sarana laboratorium komputer dan software-sofware khusus yang dapat digunakan untuk menunjang matakuliah yang berbasis computer).From Graph.3, it can be seen that 4 students (13.33%) absolutely agreed, 21 students (70%) agreed, 5 (16.67%) students disagreed that they find difficulties in using electronic book, because they must do it in computer rent and could not discuss it to the lecturer 0The students never operate the computer before CCU lesson.(Saya tidak pernah mengenal/mengoperasikan komputer Graph.2 shows that there were 13 students (43.33%) absolutely agreed, 13 students (43.33%) agreed, and 4 students (13.3) disagreed with the statement: There is no computer laboratory and special software that can be used to support the lesson based computer.shows that there were 22 students (73.33%) disagreed, and 8 students (26.67) absolutely disagreed with the statement: The students never operate the computer shows that there were 13 students (53.33%) absolutely agreed, 12 students (40%) agreed, and only 2 students (6.67) disagreed with the statement: There is no computer laboratory that can be connected to the class where the lesson is based on 16there is no computer laboratory, the students must go to computer rent.From Graph.5 above, it can be seen that 13 students (43.33%) absolutely agreed, 12 students (40%) agreed, and only 5 (16.67%) students disagreed that they never operate (Karena tidak adanya sarana laboratorium computer di kampus, saya harus selalu ke rental computer.) Graph.7

( 3 .FromFrom( 6 .
33%) agreed, 20 students (66.67%) disagreed, and 9 students (30%) absolutely disagreed with the statement: The students sarana laboratorium computer di kampus yang terhubung dengan internet, saya harus selalu ke warnet) Graph.15above, it can be seen that 26 students (86.67%) absolutely agreed, and 4 students (13.33%) agreed, that they must go to internet cafe, because there was no access to the internet at the computer laboratory.b.The students never access to the internet before the CCU class.(Saya tidak pernah mengenal dan mengunakan internet sebelum mata kuliah CCU in)i students (20%) absolutely agreed, 12 students (40%) agreed, 6 students (20%) disagreed, and 6 (20%) students absolutely disagreed that they did not have E-Mail address d.English department at STKIP PGRI does not have laboratory that is connected to the internet.(Di kampus saya, khususnya jurusan bahasa Inggris tidak mempunyai laboratorium shows that there were 3 students (10%) absolutely agreed, 2 students (6.67%) agreed, 11 students (36.67%) disagreed, and 4 students(13.33%)absolutely disagreed with the statement: The students never access to the internet before the CCU class. .c.The students do not have E-Mail address.(Saya tidak mempunyai alamat E-mail) 60% Graph.18shows that there were 18 students (60%) absolutely agreed, and 12 students (40%) agreed with the statement: English department at STKIP PGRI does not have laboratory that is connected to the internet e.The students need many time to access to internet, so they must pay much money to do it.(Saya membutuhkan waktu yang lama setiap kali mengakses internet sehingga membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar.)shows that there were15 students (50%) absolutely agreed, 2 students (6.67%) agreed, and 13 students(43.33%)disagreed with the statement: The students need many time to access to internet, so they must pay much money to do it.f.Accessing to internet need many time and the students feel so tired to do it.(Mengakses internet membutuhkan waktu lama dan sangat melelahkan bagi saya) shows that there was only 1 students (3.33%) absolutely agreed, 12 students (40%) agreed, and 17 students(56.67%)disagreed with the statement: The students often can not open and reread the information that they have downloaded from internet h.Many sites cannot be downloaded, so the students cannot get the needed information.(Banyak situs-situs yang tidak bisa di download, sehingga saya tidak bisa Graph.20, it can be seen that 12 students (40%) absolutely agreed, 8 students (26.67%) agreed, and 10 (3.33%) students disagreed that accessing to internet need many times and the The students often can not open and reread the information that they have downloaded from internet.(Saya sering tidak bisa menbuka atau From Graph.22, it can be seen that 6 students (20%) absolutely agreed, 18 students (60%) agreed, and 6 (20%) students disagreed that they found difficulty in using E-book, because there were many sites that could not be downloaded, so they could not get the needed information. .i.The students are disturbed by the uneducated sites which suddenly exist in the internet.(Saya sering terganggu oleh situs-situs yang tidak mendidik yang muncul secara tiba-tiba ketika sedang akses ke internet.)shows that there were 4 students (13.33%) agreed, while 20 students (66.67%) disagreed, and 6 students(20%) absolutely disagreed with the statement: The students do not know the way to connect to internet k.The students do not know the way to transfer the information from internet to computer' 25, it can be seen that 1 students (3.33%) absolutely agreed, 9 students (30%) agreed, 16 students (53.33%) disagreed, and 2 67%) students absolutely disagreed that the Graph.23 shows that there were 5 students (16.67) absolutely agreed, and 25 students(83.33%)agreed with the statement: The students are disturbed by the uneducated sites which suddenly exist in the internet.j.The students do not know the way to connect to internet.(Saya tidak tahu cara "connect" ke internet.)Graph.240% students found difficulty in using Ebook ,because they did not know the way to transfer the information from internet to computer' disk B. Discussion 1. Students' Difficulties in Using Electronic Book Dealing with It' Access to the Computer.Based on the findings, the researcher found that the students faced some difficulties in using E-book related to its access to computer.First, performance setting.At STKIP PGRI, there are two computer laboratories.One laboratory is for all Departments and uses for Introduction to Computer subject at the first semester.The other one is Mathematics' Department.On the other hand, English Department does not have computer laboratory that can be used for lesson-based computer.It means the indicator 1b of integrating computerbased materials in language learning (it should be a physical aspect of the site) proposes by James (2006:2) is not fulfilled yet.Ideally, an education institution, such as university or college should provide each department with a computer laboratory.Second, based on the third category of integrating computer based materials in language learning (social aspect at the site), the students might do E-book more easily, if they can interact with the lecturer or their friends directly.However, they must do it in computer rent or their house and could not discuss it to the lecturer or their friends directly.This condition made 25 (73.33%)students faced difficulty in using E-book, and only 5 (16.67%) students did not.. Related to indicator 1d of integrating computer based materials in language learning (Relevance of skill to workplace), all of the students have relevance of skill to workplace, because they ever operate the computer before CCU lesson.On the other hand, most students (83.33%) faced difficulty in using E-book, because they never operate Home page program that was used in electronic book.Based on the observation, they were familiar with word and excel program.Only five (16.67%) students were familiar with Home page program.Fourth, the researcher found that even though all of the students ever operate computer, some students (56.675%) faced difficulty in operating the computer.It was caused the viruses in computer make the students were difficult to finish the task on time.This analysis is based on indicator 3a (students knowledge, experience, and attitude toward the computer used).and the theory proposed by Smaldino ( 2005:200), that in constructing electronic book, the teacher should analyze the students.He explains that the teacher wish determine their various levels of experience using the media.
a. A department at a university or college should have a computer laboratory that has connection to internet so that the materials based computer, such as Ebook, can be apply effectively.b.The students should take a course introduction to the internet or ever access the internet and have E-mail address that is important in using Ebook.c.The students must believe that internet and E-book are beneficial.d.The students are eager to develop and refine their language skills by using computer and internet.

2 .
students should do E-book at computer rent because there was no computer laboratory at English Department that can be used for the lesson based material.b.Because they must do E-book alone, they cannot discus their difficulty to the lecturer or their friends directly.c.Some students did not have relevant skill, such as, Home Page program which was used in E-book.d.Event though the students have used the computer before, some of them did not know the concept of computer system, so they find difficulties when the computer has problems, such error nor have viruses.Students' difficulties in using Electronic Book related to it' access to internet are: a.Because there was no computer laboratory at English Department, the students also could not access to internet in their campus.b.Although most students ever used internet, most of them did not have E-mail address which was important in using E-book.c.Most of the students felt tired in accessing to internet because their limited knowledge and skills about internet.d.Most of the students must pay much money in accessing to internet because their limited knowledge and skills about internet.e.Most of the students could not find the materials that they want because their limited knowledge and skills about internet f.Based on the students' experiences, most of them were disturbed by uneducated site, g.Based on the students' experiences, most of them could not open the

1. The institution must have a computer laboratory that has connection to internet 2 . 3 .
The students who will use E-book should know the concept of computer system and internet.The students must have an E-mail address.Based on one the principle of E-book, it can be used out of the classroom, beside can be used to send their assignment, the students also can